Concepts

The Way of the Intellect

KEYWORDS: history of astronomy; cosmology; revolution; paradigm; universe; worldl; Weltanschauung; world-view

List of Contents
Philosophy Science Studies History and Philosophy of Science History and Philosophy of Mathematics History and Philosophy of Physics History/Philosophy of Astronomy/Cosmology History and Philosophy of Earth Sciences History and Philosophy of Life Sciences History and Philosophy of Social Sciences Religion and Science Palaetiology

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Science	Mathematics	Cosmos	Earth	Life	Mind	Man	Ideas
Tools	Space	Art	Rhetoric	Power	Evil	Hope	Faith

Science Studies

General Resources
History and Philosophy of Science
History and Philosophy of Mathematics
History and Philosophy of Physics
History and Philosophy of Astronomy and Cosmology
History and Philosophy of Earth Sciences
History and Philosophy of Life Sciences
History and Philosophy of Social Sciences
Religion and Science
Palaetiology

---

History and Philosophy of Astronomy and Cosmology

There is no other technique, apparently, than myth, which succeeds in telling structure....

No valid insight is likely to be gained before we cease to disregard the only mythical dimension that counts: time.

Georgio de Santillana & Hertha von Dechend

About ten months ago a rumour came to our ears that a spyglass had been made by a certain Dutchman by means of which visible objects, although far removed from the eye of the observer, were distinctly perceived as though nearby.

Galileo Galilei (Siderius Nuncius, 1610)

AAAS Resources on the Cosmos (DoSER)

Aboriginal (Native American) Star Knowledge (Paula Giese)

Aeon - A Journal of Myth & Science (ed. Ev Cochrane)

Air force had early warning of pulsars (Geoff Brumfiel, Nature, 24 Aug 2007)

Albert Van Helden

ALEXANDRIA on the Web (David Fideler)

-- Astronomy

-- An Introduction to Philosophy and Cosmological Studies

-- What is a Cosmos?

The Alexandria Society and Educational Foundation

Almagest Ephemeris Calculator (Robert H. van Gent)

Amazing observatories of the ancient world (John Carlson et al., New Scientist Image Gallery)

Ancient Alignments (Alan Hall et al., Scientific American Explorations, 6 Apr 1998)

Ancient Astrology and Divination on the Web
(ed. Timothy Spalding)

Ancient Astronomy (Felix Verbelen, Belgium)

Ancient Astronomy: Interactive Atlas of World Astronomy
(Julie Rivera, Pomona College)

Ancient Egyptian chronology and the astronomical orientation of pyramids (Kate Spence, Nature 408:320-24, 16 Nov 2000)

Ancient Observatories (Exploratorium, San Francisco)

Ancient Observatories (Space Imaging, Thornton, Colorado)

Anthony Aveni (Colgate University, Hamilton, New York)

Anthropic Coincidences (Al Schroeder)

Anthropic Coincidences (Stephen M. Barr, First Things 114:17-23, Jun-Jul 2001)

The Anthropic Principle (Daniel J. Berger)

The Anthropic Principle (Michael A. Corey)

Anthropic-principle.com (Nick Bostrom)

The Antikythera Celestial Machine (Massimo Mogi Vicentini, Milan)

Antikythera Mechanism, Images of (Rupert Russell)

The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
(National Archaeological Museum, Greece)

The Antique Telescope Society Home Page
(Glenn Oclassen, ed. Bart Fried)

Archaeoastronomy (Victor Reijs, YouTube)

Archaeoastronomy, Ancient Astronomy and Ethnoastronomy
(Wolfgang R. Dick, Astronomiae Historia)

Archaeoastronomy and Cultural Astronomy (Clive Ruggles et al., University of Leicester)

Archaeoastronomy Web Sources (K. Kris Hirst, About.com)

Archaeocosmology (Victor Reijs)

Archaeogeodesy (James Q. Jacobs)

Archimedes and the 2000-year-old computer (Jo Marchant, New Scientist 2686, 12 Dec 2008)

Are you confident about that? (Philip Ball, Nature, 7 Dec 2005)

Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? (Nick Bostrom)

The Àryabhatíya of Àryabhata (James Q. Jacobs)

Astroarchaeocaucasus (International Interdisciplinary Scientific Association Astroarchaeocaucus, Tbilisi, Georgia)

Astrobiology and the Sacred: Implications of Life Beyond Earth
(Chris Impey et al., University of Arizona)

Astrohist (LiveJournal)

The Astrolabe (James E. Morrison)

Astrology and Judaism in Late Antiquity (Lester Ness, Miami University, 1990)

Astrology & Science (Rudolf H. Smit)

The ASTRONET Infrastructure Roadmap: A Strategic Plan for European Astronomy (ed. Michael F. Bode et al., ASTRONET, Nov 2008) PDF

-- Europe Unveils 20-Year Plan for Brilliant Future in Astronomy (ESO Press Release 43/08, 25 Nov 2008)

Astronomiae Historia / History of Astronomy (Wolfgang R. Dick)

Astronomical references in the planning of ancient roads I. The case of the so-called Great Hopewell Road (Giulio Magli, arXiv:0706.1325 [physics.hist-ph], 9 Jun 2007, revised)

Astronomical Symbols on Ancient Coins (Tom Buggey)

Astronomical Timeline (Erling Poulsen, Rundetaarn)

Astronomy and astronomers in Jules Verne's novels (Jacques Crovisier, arXiv:0906.1052v1, 5 Jun 2009)

Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium (Christopher F. McKee & Joseph H. Taylor, Jr., et al., NRC Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, Washington, DC, 9 Jan 2001)

-- Panel Reports

-- Web Site

Astronomy and Australian Indigenous People (Adele Pring, Aboriginal and Cultural Studies and Reconciliation, Enfield, South Australia, 19 Jul 1998, revised 2 Apr 2002) PDF

Astronomy and Civilization (IYA Conference, Budapest, 10-13 Aug 2009)

Astronomy and Culture (Gary Agranat, GCA7Sky)

Astronomy: History (VL)

Astronomy History Resources (AstroWeb, STScI)

Astronomy in Japan (Steven L. Renshaw & Saori Ihara)

An Astronomy Library's Oral History Initiative: What an Observatory Library Is Doing to Preserve a Telescope's History (Joseph H. Murphy, Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship 50, Spring 2007)

The Astronomy of Aboriginal Australia (Ray P. Norris & Duane W. Hamacher, arXiv:0906.0155v1 [physics.hist-ph], 31 May 2009)

-- The Mystery of Australia's Stonehenge (physics arXiv blog, Technology Review, 3 Jun 2009)

The Astronomy of the Bible (E. Walter Maunder, 1908)

The Astronomy of Many Cultures: A Resource Guide (Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific)

"Astronomy" or "astrology": a brief history of an apparent confusion (Alexandre Losev, arXiv:1006.5209v1 [physics.hist-ph], 27 Jun 2010)

Astronomy People (Frank's Astronomy Page)

Astronomy Timeline (RDN PSIgate)

Astronomy, topography and dynastic history in the Age of the Pyramids (Giulio Magli, arXiv:0903.1416v1 [physics.hist-ph], 8 Mar 2009)

Astrophysics in 2005 (Virginia Trimble et al., astro-ph/0606663, 27 Jun 2006)

Astrophysics in 2006 (Virginia Trimble et al., arXiv:0705.1730v1 [astro-ph], 11 May 2007)

Atlas coelestis (Davide Neri)

Atlas Coelestis (Felice Stoppa)

Australian Aboriginal Astronomy (Ray Norris et al., Australian Indigenous Astronomy Collaboration)

Australia's first astronomers (Maryke Steffens, Big Aussie Starhunt, 27 Jul 2009)

BBC Online: Horizon, Atlantis Reborn (BBC, 4 Nov 1999)

BBC Online: Horizon, Longitude (BBC, 4 Jan 1999)

BBC Online: Horizon, The Lost City of Nasca (BBC, 20 Jan 2000)

Beyond: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science (Paul Davies, dir., et al., Arizona State University)

Biennial History of Astronomy Workshops
(University of Notre Dame)

The Big Bang: Wit or Wisdom (Philip & Phylis Morrison, Wonders, Scientific American 284:2:93, Feb 2001)

The Big Lab Experiment - Was our universe created by design?
(Jim Holt, Egghead, Slate, 19 May 2004)

The Big Myth: How Did It All Begin? (Distant Train, Amsterdam)

Biocosm: The New Scientific Theory of Evolution: Intelligent Life is the Architect of the Universe (James N. Gardner, KurzweilAI.net, 26 Aug 2003)

-- Lecture (James N. Gardner, KurzweilAI.net, 10 Feb 2006)

Biographical Sketch of Hugh Everett, III (Eugene Shikhovtsev, ed. Kenneth W. Ford, 2003)

Birr Castle Demesne (Brendan, Earl of Ross, et al., Ireland)

A Brief History of Cosmology (David Wands, MacTutor)

A Brief History of the End of Everything (Guy Consolmagno, BBC Radio 4, 27-31 Jan 2003)

A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes
(Stephen Hawking, 1 Apr 1988, updated 1996)

A Brief History of Time: From Thales to Callippus (Chris Weinkopf)

The Bruce Medalists (Joseph S. Tenn)

B2FH Association for Nuclear Astrophysics

Caelum Antiquum | Astronomy and Astrology in Antiquity (Bill Thayer, University of Chicago)

Café Museum: Rudi Paul Lindner's Home Page

Calendars through the Ages (ed. Michael Douma, WebExhibits)

CALENdeRsign® (Sepp Rothwangl)

Catechesis on Creation (Catechism of the Catholic Church)

Catholic Encyclopedia: Cosmogony (J. P. Arendzen, 1912)

Catholic Encyclopedia: Cosmology (D. Nys, 1908)

Catholic Encyclopedia: Systems of the Universe (J. Hagen, 1912)

CCD Images from a Galilean Telescope (Tom Pope & Jim Mosher)

Celebrating Sagan: Remembering Carl Sagan & His Contributions to Humanity (blog by Greg Tamblyn et al.)

The Celestial Basis of Civilization (W. Bruce Masse, Vistas in Astronomy 39:463-77, 1995)

Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Science and Medicine (Volumes 1-24, 1950-1980)

The Center for Archaeoastronomy (John B. Carlson et al.)

Centuries of Astronomy: Astronomy in Denmark
(Erling Poulsen, Rundetaarn)

A Century of Cosmology (Edward L. Wright, astro-ph/0603750, 28 Mar 2006)

CFHT Oral History (from Interviews with Liz Bryson, Oral History Project, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation Archives, University of Hawaii)

Chaco Observatory Home Page

Chankillo Observatory, Peru (NASA Earth Observatory Newsroom, 24 Apr 2007)

Chasing the Revolutions of Copernicus (Owen Gingerich, WGBH Forum Network, Boston, 25 Mar 2004)

Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus 1631-2004
(Smithsonian Institution Libraries)

Chinese Astronomy (Ming L. Pei)

The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes (Andrew Wiesner)

Clive Ruggles' Personal Home Page (University of Leicester)

Cloudbait Observatory Archaeoastronomy
(Chris L. Peterson, Colorado)

Clyde Tombaugh (1906-1997)

A Computer Scientist's View of Life, the Universe, and Everything
(Jürgen Schmidhuber, Dec 1996)

Concept Paper: Time and Universe (Richard T. W. Arthur)

Conflict in the Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life in Science (Simon Mitton, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC, 2005)

Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century (NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy, 9 Jan 2001)

Constraints and Signatures in Particle Cosmology
(Sean Carroll, Cosmic Variance, 26 Jun 2007)

The Copernican Revolution (Joseph S. Tenn)

Copernicus vs. Ptolemy (Brian Monson)

The Cosmic Coincidence as a Temporal Selection Effect Produced by the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe (Charles H. Lineweaver & Chas A. Egan, astro-ph/0703429, 16 Mar 2007)

Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology (Norriss S. Heatherington & W. Patrick McCray, Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics)

Cosmic Mysteries of Mithras | Mithraism | Ancient Religion
(David Ulansey)

Cosmic Natural Selection (Leonard Susskind, hep-th/0407266, 29 Jul 2004)

Cosmic Quest: Discovering Astronomy Through Science and Culture
(Virtual Museum Canada)

Cosmic Variance: random samplings from a universe of ideas
(Sean Carroll et al.)

-- Review (Blog life, Physics World, Feb 2007)

CosmicVoyage.org Virtual Planetarium and Astronomy Museum

The Cosmological Argument: Does the Big Bang Prove God? (Paul Jacobsen, 2002)

Cosmological Fads and Fallacies (Edward L. Wright)

Cosmology and Cultures Curriculum Project Home Page
(dir. Michael N. Keas & Glenn E. Sanders, Oklahoma Baptist University)

Cosmology and Fine-Tuning Research Program
(John Templeton Foundtion)

Cosmology and Life (Mario Livio, QCShow Author Lecture of the Week, 4 Sep 2006)

Cosmology at the Beginning of a New Millennium (Ronald Ebert, Skeptic Magazine 8:3, Jul-Sep 2000; addendum, 26 Aug 2002)

Cosmology, Cosmogony, Gravity and Relativistic Astrophysics
(Wolfgang R. Dick, Astronomiae Historia)

Cosmology: Methodological Debates in the 1930s and 1940s (George Gale, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 18 May 2002, revised)

Cosmology: Scientific Implications for Christian Spiritual Discernment and Rites of Passage (Nancy Wiens St. John, Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, Winter 2005)

Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy
(ed. Arran Gare et al., Swinburne University, Australia)

A Crisis in Fundamental Physics (Lee Smolin, NYAS Update Unbound, Jan-Feb 2006)

C. S. Lewis and the Star of Bethlehem (Michael Ward, Books & Culture, Jan-Feb 2008)

C. S. Lewis Blog: Narnia and the Seven Heavens (Michael Ward, C. S. Lewis Blog, 8 Jan 2008)

Cultural Astronomy (eCUIP Digital Library Project)

Culture and Cosmos (ed. Nicholas Campion & Patrick Curry)

Culture, Astronomy and Cosmology (M. J. Overy)

Cupmark Patterns, Palaeolithic Star-maps, and Mankala Board-games
(Wim van Binsbergen, with Jean-Pierre Lacroix, 1999)

CURA : University Centre for Astrological Research
(ed. Patrice Guinard)

Darwin's legacy (Leonard Susskind, Physics World, 1 Jul 2009)

David Ulansey, Home of

A Decade of Discovery: The Hubble Space Telescope

Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism (T. Freeth et al., Nature 444:587-91, 30 Nov 2006)

A Designer Universe? (Steven Weinberg, Conference on Cosmic Design of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, Apr 1999)

Digital Archive of Historical Astronomy Pictures

DIO, The International Journal of Scientific History (ed. Keith Pickering)

Dioptrice: Refracting Telescopes prior to 1775 (Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, Chicago)

Discovering the Kerr and Kerr-Schild metrics (Roy P. Kerr, arXiv:0706.1109 [gr-qc], 8 Jun 2007, revised)

The Discovery of Brown Dwarfs (Gibor Basri, Scientific American, Apr 2000)

The Discovery of the Deep Sky Objects

Discovery of The Lost Star Catalog of Hipparchus on The Farnese Atlas (Bradley E. Schaefer, Louisiana State University)

The Distance Scale to Gamma-Ray Bursts Great Debate in 1995

Divine Sky: The Artistry of Astronomical Maps (Jacob Glenn et al., An Exhibit from the University of Michigan Shapiro Science Library)

Does the Universe Have a Purpose? (John Templeton Foundation)

The Dunhuang chinese sky: a comprehensive study of the oldest known star atlas (Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud et al., arXiv:0906.3034v1 [astro-ph.SR], 16 Jun 2009)

Early Cosmology Tutorial (Brian Monson)

Early Greek Astronomy (Ellen N. Brundige)

Early History of Radio Astronomy (Woody Sullivan)

Eclipse Chasing with Maria Mitchell (Vassar College)

EGMA: The Inspiration of the Heavens in Literature (Peter Nockolds)

The 1882 Transit of Venus: Observations from Wellington, South Africa (Willie Koorts, South African Astronomical Observatory)

Electronic Newsletter for the History of Astronomy
(ed. Wolfgang R. Dick & Hilmar W. Duerbeck)

The End of Time: A Talk with Julian Barbour
(John Brockman, Edge 60, 16 Aug 1999)

The Equinox Project (Roderick Schmidt et al.)

Eric Diaz's Astronomy Site

Eugene M. Shoemaker (Mary Chapman)

The Eugene M. Shoemaker Tribute (Carolyn C. Porco)

European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC)

Exegesis of Hindu Cosmological Time Cycles (Dwight William Johnson)

Expansion of the Universe - Standard Big Bang Model (Matt Roos, arXiv:0802.2005v1 [astro-ph], 14 Feb 2008)

The exploration of the unknown (Kenneth I. Kellermann et al., arXiv:0912.4441v1 [astro-ph.IM], 22 Dec 2009)

Explore the Universe (Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC)

Exploring the Cosmos: An Introduction to the History of Astronomy (Barbara J. Becker, HIstory 135C, University of California, Irvine)

Exploring The Planets - Discovery

The Face of the Moon: Galileo to Apollo (Linda Hall Library, Kansas City)

Faith and Reason - Cosmology (PBS Online)

Famous Astronomers and Astrophysicists
(D. Mark Manley, Kent State University)

Federal Funding of Astronomical Research
(US National Research Council, 2000)

A Few Pre-Copernican Astronomers (Edith R. Wilson, Popular Astronomy 25:88-101, 1917) PDF

First Photos Through Palomar's Giant Eye (David O. Woodbury et al., Collier's Magazine, 7 May 1949; digitized by Bill Pearce, MVAS, Dec 2008)

Fitness of the Cosmos for Life: Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning
(Harvard University, 12-13 Oct 2003)

Focus on Spacetime 100 Years Later (ed. Richard Price & Jorge Pullin, New Journal of Physics, Sep 2005)

Forecast for the Next Eon: Applied Cosmology and the Long-Term Fate of Intelligent Beings (Milan M. Çirçovic, 19 Nov 2002)

40th Anniversary on Discovery of Pulsars (ed. John C. Mannone, SARA, Radio Astronomy, Jan-Mar 2007) PDF

400th Anniversary of the Invention of the Telescope, 1608-2008 (Stichting Volksterrenwacht Philippus Landsbergen, Middelburg)

400 Years of the Astronomical Telescope: From Galileo to the Subaru Telescope, and Moving Toward the Future (poster, MEXT, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, 18 Dec 2009) PDF

400 Years of the Telescope | A Journey of Science, Technology and Thought (nar. Neil deGrasse Tyson; Kris Koenig et al., Interstellar Studios, Chico, California, 2009)

400 Years of the Telescope | A Journey of Science, Technology and Thought (PBS, 10 Apr 2009)

FQXi: Foundational Questions in Physics & Cosmology
(Max Tegmark et al.)

-- The Foundational Questions Institute (Anthony Aguirre, Cosmic Variance, 28 Mar 2007)

-- Science and no Religion in Reykjavik! (Sean Carroll, Cosmic Variance, 29 Jul 2007)

Fragmentary Knowledge: Was the Antikythera Mechanism the world'ss first computer? (John Seabrook, The New Yorker, 14 May 2007)

Frank J.Tipler's Web Page

From Rockets to Spacecraft: Making JPL a Place for Planetary Science (Erik M. Conway, Caltech Engineering & Science 74(4):2-10, Oct-Dec 2007) PDF

From Stargazers to Starships (David P. Stern)

Fundamental Values (guest post by Louise Riofrio, A Quantum Diaries Survivor, 14 Oct 2007)

-- Exhibit 1: Hot Young Sun (Louise Riofrio, A Babe in the Universe, 23 Oct 2007)

-- Exhibit 2: Lunar Anomaly (Louise Riofrio, ibid., 24 Oct 2007)

-- Exhibit 3: Supernovae (Louise Riofrio, ibid., 25 Oct 2007)

Galactic Punctuated Equilibrium: How to Undermine Carter's Anthropic Argument in Astrobiology (Milan M. Cirkovic et al., arXiv:0912.4980v1 [astro-ph.EP], 30 Dec 2009; Astrobiology 9(5):491-501 (2009))

The Galileo affair (Maurice Finocchiaro, Physics World, 2 Mar 2009)

The Galileo Project (Albert Van Helden et al., Rice University)

Galileo's Double Star: The Experiment That "Proved" the Earth Did Not Move (Christopher M. Graney, physics/0606255, 29 Jun 2006, revised)

Galileo's Observations of Jupiter's Moons (tr. Charles David Donovan, DIO: The International Journal of Scientific History))

Galileo's Observations of Neptune (Charles T. Kowal, 1979) PDF

-- Did Galileo Discover Neptune? Galileo's Notebooks May Reveal Secrets of New Planet (University of Melbourne Press Release, SpaceRef , 9 Jul 2009)

Galileo's Sighting of Neptune (Stillman Drake & Charles T. Kowal, Scientific American 243:6:52-81, Dec 1980)

Geniet: Heaven and Earth (Victor Reijs)

Geometry.net | Archaeoastronomy

Geometry.net | Astronomy History

George Gamow, Interview with (Charles Weiner, Boulder, Colorado, 25 Apr 1968; AIP Oral History Transcript)

Giordano Bruno (Interview with Ingrid Rowland, Tapestry, with Mary Hynes, CBC Radio, 25 Apr 2010)

Glenn McDavid's Anthropic Principle Links

Great Debates in Astronomy (Robert Nemiroff & Jerry Bonnell)

Greek Archaeoastronomy - Antikythera Mechanism
(Anthony Ayiomamitis, Athens)

Groping Toward Linear Regression Analysis: Newton's Analysis of Hipparchus' Equinox Observations (Ari Belenkiy, arXiv:0810.4948v1 [physics.hist-ph], 27 Oct 2008)

A Guide to Ancient Near Eastern Astronomy

Halley's Quest (Julie Wakefield, Joseph Henry Press, 2005)

Hamlet's Transformation
(Peter D. Usher, Elizabethan Review, Spring 1999)

Hans Albrecht Bethe, Biography of (Edward A. Baron, astro-ph/0602203, 9 Feb 2006)

HASTRO-L List Archives

Hawking (dir. Philip Martin, BBC, Apr 2004)

Heavenly Mathematics: Highlights of Cultural Astronomy
(Syllabus, Helmer Aslaksen, Nat'l University of Singapore)

Heaven's Guide: Robert Burnham, Jr., 1931-1993
(Tony Ortega, Phoenix NewTimes, 25 Sep 1997)

Helen Sawyer Hogg, 1905-1993 (Marlene Cummins)

Hermetic Systems: Calendar Studies (Peter Meyer)

Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society

Historical Astronomy Links: Some History of Astronomy Online Resources (Joe Tenn, Historical Astronomy Division, American Astronomical Society)

Historical Celestial Atlases on the Web (Robert H. van Gent)

History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy
(Nick Strobel, Astronomy Notes)

-- Contents

History of Astronomy (AstroWeb, NRAO)

History of Astronomy (AstroWeb, WWW-VL)

History of Astronomy and Space Science (Alan Cairns, SciEd)

History of Astronomy in Ancient India (Sudheer Birodkar)

History of Astronomy Links @ GCA7Sky (Gary Agranat)

History of Astronomy: Persons (Wolfgang R. Dick)

History of the Buhl Planetarium and Institute of Popular Science, Pittsburgh (Glenn A. Walsh)

History of Constellations and Star Names (Gary D. Thompson)

A History of the International Date Line (Robert H. van Gent)

History of Planetary Cartography (Philip J. Stooke)

The history of solar neutrino research (ed. John N. Bahcall)

The history of the telescope & the binocular
(Peter Abrahams, Portland, Oregon)

History of Women in Astronomy (Barry's Web Page)

The History of Women in Astronomy (Sally Stephens)

History of Discovery (Windows to the Universe)

Homer the Astronomer (Ken Wood)

Horsehead Nebula: Discovery and Study during the 19th and 20th Centuries (Stephen R. Waldee, San Jose, California)

How did it all begin? (Max Tegmark, astro-ph/0508429, 20 Aug 2005)

How unlikely is a doomsday catastrophe? (Max Tegmark & Nick Bostrom, astro-ph/0512204, 8 Dec 2005, revised)

How Will It All End? (Neil Gillman, CrossCurrents 57:1:38-50, Spring 2007) PDF

HST Commemorative Stamp

Hubble - 15 Years of Discovery (Hubble ESA Information Centre)

The Hubble Project - Historical Timeline
(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

H0: The Incredible Shrinking Constant 1925-1975 (Virginia Trimble, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 108:1073-82, Dec 1996)

NOVA | Hunting the Edge of Space (Oliver Twinch & Peter Jones et al., PBS, 6 & 13 Apr 2010)

Huygensweb | Christiaan Huygens, 1629-1695
(University of Utrecht)

The Idea of Design in Nature: Science or Phenomenology? (Jakob Wolf, Global Spiral, 28 May 2009)

Implications of a Finite Universe (Julio A. Gonzalo, "Science and Religion: Global Perspectives," Metanexus Institute, Philadelphia, 4-8 Jun 2005) PDF

In the Beginning Was the Code: Computer Universes & Algorithmic Theory of Everything (Jürgen Schmidhuber)

INFIS - Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (Michael A. Rappenglück)

The Improbable Universe (Pamela L. Gay, Star Stryder, 24 Oct 2007)

The Inimitable Caroline (J. Donal Fernie, Marginalia, American Scientist 95(6):486-8, Nov-Dec 2007)

In Memory of Al Cameron (John J. Cowan & James W. Truran, astro-ph/0611824, 27 Nov 2006)

INSAP: The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena
(Raymond E. White)

In search of lost time [Antikythera Mechanism] (Jo Marchant, Nature 444:534-8, 30 Nov 2006; online 29 Nov 2006)

The Interactive Explorations of GAIA
(A. Colorado-McEvoy, ESA Science)

International Astronomical Union (IAU) : Commission 41
(Wolfgang R. Dick, History of Astronomy)

International Perceptions of UK Research in Physics and Astronomy (IOP, 2000) PDF

International Perceptions of UK Research in Physics and Astronomy: The Second International Review (IOP, 26 Jan 2006) PDF

International Society for Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture (ISAAC)

Internet Bibliographies on the History of Astronomy
(Robert Harry van Gent)

Intijalsu (Maxime Boccas)

IPL Pathfinder: History of Astronomy
(Javier Ascasibar, Internet Public Library)

Islamicate Celestial Globes: Their History, Construction, and Use (Emilie Savage-Smith & Andrea P.A. Belloli, Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology 46, 30 Jan 1985) PDF

Is Our Universe Decaying at an Astronomical Rate? (Don N. Page, hep-th/0612137, 14 Dec 2006)

Is Our Universe Likely to Decay within 20 Billion Years? (Don N. Page, hep-th/0610079, 9 Oct 2006)

Is Our Universe Natural? (Sean M. Carroll, hep-th/0512148, 13 Dec 2005)

Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology (George F. R. Ellis, astro-ph/0602280, 13 Feb 2006, revised)

Is there a human link to dark energy? (David Shiga, New Scientist Space Blog, 20 Sep 2007)

Italian Archaeoastronomy (G. Romano)

James Cook and the Transit of Venus (Science@NASA, 28 May 2004)

Jantar Mantar: The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh II
(Barry Perlus, Cornell University)

John A. Brashear, 1840-1920 (Glenn A. Walsh)

Journal of Cosmology (ed. Rudolf Schild)

The Journey to Palomar: A Television Documentary
(Todd & Robin Mason, 2008)

-- The Journey to Palomar: America's first journey into space
(Todd & Robin Mason, 10 Nov 2008)

The Kavli Prize (Kavli Foundation/Norwegian Acadmey of Science and Letters)

Kepler's Move from Orbs to Orbits: Documenting a Revolutionary Scientific Concept (Bernard R. Goldstein & Giora Hon, MIT Perspectives on Science 13:1:74-111, Spring 2005) PDF

Lakota Winter Counts Online Exhibit (Smithsonian Institution)

The Landscape: A Talk with Leonard Susskind
(John Brockman, Edge, 2003)

Laser Stars - History of Astronomical spectroscopy

Latest Declamations about the Arrow of Time (Sean Carroll, Cosmic Variance, 11 Jun 2007)

Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars? (S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Cosmic Search 1:1:16-21, Jan 1979; orig. pub. as 'Petit Four' in Annals of the New York Academy of Science 302:685-9, Dec 1977)

Living in the Multiverse (Steven Weinberg, Opening Talk at the Symposium "Expectations of a Final Theory" at Trinity College, Cambridge, 2 Sep 2005; hep-th/0511037, 3 Nov 2005)

The long-distance thinker [Martin Bojowald] (Quirin Schiermeier, Nature 433:12, 6 Jan 2005)

Longitude, Dava Sobel (A&E, 2000)

Longitude Gallery (National Maritime Museum, UK)

The Longitude Problem (Royal Greenwich Observatory)

Looking to the Heavens: Stone Age Astronomy in Ireland
(Anthony Murphy, Mythical Ireland)

Looking Up: A History of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (R. Peter Broughton, 25 Jul 1996)

The 'Lost Letters' of J.C. Kapteyn (1851 - 1922) - Petra van der Heijden

The Lunar Maps of Knowth (Philip J. Stooke)

MacTutor History of Mathematics | Mathematical Astronomy Index

The Making of a New Biophilia: Evolutionary Governance and the Modern Creation Myth (Walter Truett Anderson, Global Spiral, 4 Jun 2009)

The Many Worlds (Everett) Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
(Michael Clive Price, HedWeb, Feb 1995)

The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: The Theory of the Universal Wave Function (Hugh Everett, III, Jan 1956) PDF

The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett (Peter Byrne, Scientific American 297:6:98-105, Dec 2007)

Mars in Pop Culture: Film (David Catling, Astrobiology Magazine, 29 Jun 2005)

Mars in Pop Culture: Literature (David Catling, Astrobiology Magazine, 30 Jun 2005)

Mars in Pop Culture: Radio (David Catling, Astrobiology Magazine, 1 Jul 2005)

Mass (blog by Carl Brannen)

The Mathematical Universe (Max Tegmark, arXiv:0704.0646 [gr-qc], 5 Apr 2007, revised)

-- Another Theory of Everything (Christophe de Dinechin, Grenouille Bouillie, 15 May 2007)

-- The Mathematical Universe (Sabine Hossenfelder, Back Reaction, 11 Oct 2007)

The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar (Helmer Aslaksen, National University of Singapore)

Maya Astronomy (Dawn E. Jenkins)

A Meaningful Life in a Meaningless Cosmos? Two Rival Approaches (Sami Pihlströmm, Cosmos and History 3(1), 18 Aug 2007) PDF

MeaningofLife.tv (ed. Robert Wright)

Medieval Islamic Views of the Cosmos (Bodleian Library, Oxford University)

Medievals and Flat Earth: The Myth of the Flat Earth
(ed. Norman Swartz, 7 Oct 1995)

Megaliths and Neolithic astronomy in southern Egypt
(J. McKim Malville et al., Nature 392:488-91, 2 Apr 1998)

Message in the Sky (Stephen D. H. Hsu & A. Zee, physics/0510102, 11 Oct 2005, revised)

"A Mirror up to Nature": Cosmos, Nature, and Culture in Shakespeare (Kenneth W. Davis, Global Spiral, 27 May 2009)

Models of Planetary Motion from Antiquity to the Renaissance
(Craig Sean McConnell)

Modern Cosmology as Metaphor (Victor Mansfield)

Modern Cosmology: Science or Folktale? (Michael J. Disney, Macroscope, American Scientist 95(5):383-5, Sep-Oct 2007)

The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia (Manujel Arturo Izquierdo Pena, arXiv:0812.0574v1 [physics.hist-ph], 2 Dec 2008)

Multicultural Astronomy: The Astronomy of Non-western Cultures: A Resource Guide (Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific)

Multicultural Cosmology Home Page

Multiverses and Cosmology: Philosophical Issues (W. R. Stoeger et al., astro-ph/0407329, 16 Jul 2004, revised)

Must the Beginning of the Universe Have a Personal Cause? A Critical Examination of the kalam Cosmological Argument (Wes Morriston, Faith and Philosophy 17:2:149-69, 2000)

My Life With Stephen (Peter Woit, Not Even Wrong, 23 Jul 2007)

The mystery of the telescopes in Jan Brueghel the Elder's paintings (Paolo Molaro & Pierluigi Selvelli, arXiv:0908.2696v1 [astro-ph.IM], 19 Aug 2009)

Namoratunga & Great Zimbabwe: Archaeo-Astronomy articles by Doyle and Frank (Laurance R. Doyle & Edward W. Frank)

Nando Patat Archaeoastronomy (Ferdinando Patat, ESO)

National Radio Astronomy Observatory Archives: NRAO Timeline (NRAO, Charlottesville, Virginia)

Native American Folklore of the Stars (Brad Snowder, Western Washington University Planetarium)

Natural Philosophy Alliance

The Nature of the Universe Debate in 1998

Nazca Lines, Peru (NASA EO Newsroom)

Neptune's Discovery: The British Case of Co-Prediction
(Nicholas Kollerstrom)

A new crisis for astronomical research: why has the rate of fundamental new discoveries collapsed so dramatically? (John Hearnshaw, Cosmic Diary, 8 Oct 2009)

Newgrange & Knowth Megalithic Passage Tombs - Ireland

New Light on Stonehenge (Dan Jones, Smithsonian Magazine, Oct 2008)

Newton and the Moon (Nicholas Kollerstrom)

19th Century American Observatories (Boswell Observatory)

Not Only Because of Theory: Dyson, Eddington and the Competing Myths of the 1919 Eclipse Expedition (Daniel Kennefick, arXiv:0709.0685 [physics.hist-ph], 5 Sep 2007, revised)

NOVA Online | Galileo's Battle for the Heavens
(David Axelrod, PBS, 29 Oct 2002)

NOVA Online | Lost at Sea: The Search for Longitude
(Dava Sobel et al., PBS, 6 Oct 1998)

NOVA | Parallel Worlds, Parallel Lives (Louise Lockwood, PBS, 21 Oct 2008)

Nuclear Astrophysics 1957-2007: Beyond the First Fifty Years (conference commemorating the 50th anniversary of B2FH, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 23-27 Jul 2007)

An Observational Test for the Anthropic Origin of the Cosmological Constant (Abraham Loeb, astro-ph/0604242, 11 Apr 2006)

On the Accuracy of Galileo's Observations (Christopher M. Graney, arXiv:0802.1095v1 [physics.hist-ph], 8 Feb 2008)

On the evolution of the concept of time and its implication for modern cosmology (Peter C. Aichelburg, "Science and Religion: Global Perspectives," Philadephia, 4-8 Jun 2005) PDF

On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958-1978 (Edward Clinton Ezell & Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA SP-4212, Washington, DC, 1984)

On the orientation of Roman towns in Italy (Giulio Magli, arXiv:physics/0703213v1 [physics.pop-ph], 23 Mar 2007)

On the Question of Validity of the Anthropic Principles (Zs. Hetesi & B. Balazs, astro-ph/0609495, 18 Sep 2006)

On Schizophrenic Experiences of the Neutron or Why We Should Believe in the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory (Lev Vaidman, quant-ph/9609006, 7 Sep 1996)

On the telescopes in the paintings of J. Brueghel the Elder (Pierluigi Selvelli & Paolo Molaro, arXiv:0907.3745v1 [astro-ph.IM], 21 Jul 2009)

Oral History Interviews in Physics, Astronomy, and Geophysics (The Niels Bohr Library & Archives at the American Institute of Physics)

Out of This World: The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas
(Linda Hall Library, Kansas City)

The Oxford Conferences on Archaeoastronomy (Michael Zeilik et al.)

Pagan Astronomy Network

The Passing of Andrew Lange (Kelly Beatty, Sky & Telescope News Blog, 25 Jan 2010)

People (Windows to the Universe)

Perimeter's Heart (Profile of Neil Turok by Alex Hutchinson, The Walrus Magazine, Apr 2009)

The Persian-Toledan Astronomical Connection and the European Renaissance (Mohammad Heydari-Malayeri, arXiv:0709.1216v1 [astro-ph], 8 Sep 2007)

Pharaoh Astronomy (Aymen Mohamed Ibrameh)

Philosophical Influences on Our Understanding of the Origins of the Universe (Larry J. House, Xenos Christian Fellowship, 4 Jul 1994)

A Photographic Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way (Edward Emerson Barnard, 1927; Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta)

-- E. E. Barnard (Howard Schickler Fine Art, Brooklyn)

The Physical World as a Virtual Reality (Brian Whitworth, arXiv:0801.0337v2 [cs.OH], 2 Jan 2008, revised)

Piet Hut (Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton)

Planetary Systems and Their Changing Theories
(Pawl Artymowicz et al.)

Planispheric Astrolabes from the National Museum of American History (Sharon Gibbs & George Saliba, Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology 45, 14 Jun 1984) PDF

Plotting the pyramids (Owen Gingerich, Nature 408:297-8, 16 Nov 2000)

Pluto, perception & planetary politics (David Jewitt & Jane X. Luu, Daedalus, Winter 2007) PDF

Polynesian Voyaging Society

A Possible Solution for the Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology
(Stuart Kauffman & Lee Smolin, Edge 10, 20 Mar 1997)

Prince Caspian and the Planets (Michael Ward, C. S. Lewis Blog, 14 May 2008)

Priority battles [The priority dispute over the discovery of dark energy] (Robert P. Crease, Physics World, 5 Jan 2010)

The problem of what exists (P. C. W. Davies, astro-ph/0602420, 20 Feb 2006)

Project Hindsight - Restoration of Ancient Astrology
(Robert H. Schmidt)

Public Perception of Astronomers: Revered, Reviled and Ridiculed (Michael J. West, arXiv:0905.3956 [astro-ph.IM], 25 May 2009, revised)

-- What's your view of astronomers? (Michael Banks, physicsworld.com Blog, 28 May 2009)

Pulsar Dreams (Jonathan Arons, arXiv:0710.5262v1 [astro-ph], 28 Oct 2007)

Quantum Universe: The Revolution in 21st-Century Particle Physics (Persis Drell et al., High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, Jun 2004)

-- Quantum Universe Report (Interaction)

Quasars and Galactic Nuclei,a Half-Century Agitated Story
(Suzy Collin, astro-ph/0604560, 27 Apr 2006)

The Queen Elizabeth II Observatory Project: The Rise and Fall of the Mt. Kobau Observatory Project (Jim Failes)

The Real Message in the Sky (Douglas Scott & J. P. Zibin, physics/0511135, 15 Nov 2005)

Regarding the Potential Impact of Double Star Observations on Conceptions of the Universe of Stars in the Early 17th Century (Christopher M. Graney & Henry Sipes, arXiv:0812.3833 [physics.hist-ph], 19 Dec 2008, revised)

Research Group for the Critical Study of Astrology
(Chris Bagley et al., University of Southampton)

Research Sources For Astrology (Lester Ness)

Retroduction, Multiverse Hypotheses and Their Testability
(William R. Stoeger, astro-ph/0602356, 16 Feb 2006)

Revealing the Star of Bethlehem (Michael Molnar)

Review of Progress in Astronomy and Astrophysics Toward the Decadal Vision: Letter Report (Donald C. Backer et al., US National Research Council, 11 Feb 2005)

Robert Harry van Gent, The Homepage of (Utrecht, The Netherlands)

Royal Observatory and Planetarium: The Story of Astronomy and Time

Sakwala Chakraya, Tisa-Vewa Ruins, Sri Lanka
(Kavan U. Ratnatunga)

The Scale of the Universe Great Debate in 1996

Science A-17 Lecture Notebook: The Astronomical Perspective
(Owen Gingerich & Dave Latham)

Science or Sociology? (Guest Post by Joseph Polchinski, Cosmic Variance, 21 May 2007)

A Science Vision for European Astronomy (ed. P.T. de Zeeuw & F.J. Molster, ASTRONET, 21 Sep 2007) PDF

-- A Grand Vision for European Astronomy (ESO Press Release, 28 Sep 2007)

Scientific alternatives to the anthropic principle (Lee Smolin, hep-th/0407213, 26 Jul 2004, revised)

Scientific Insights into the Evolution of the Universe and of Life (Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 31 Oct - 4 Nov 2008)

SEAC 2001 - Annual Meeting of the Society for Astronomy in Culture

The Secret Chambers of the Sanctuary of Thoth
(Joanne Conman)

Seeing Ancient Stars: Visualization of the Almagest Catalog (Almagest Stars, FW by Ernie Wright)

The Shapley - Curtis Debate in 1920

A Short History of Hindu Astronomy & Ephemeris (P. Rudra, arXiv:0903.1778v1 [physics.hist-ph], 10 Mar 2009)

Smolin vs. Susskind: The Anthropic Principle (Leonard Susskind & Lee Smolin, Edge 145, 18 Aug 2004)

The Society For The History Of Astronomy (UK)

Sociology of Modern Cosmology (Martin Lopez-Corredoira, arXiv:0812.0537v1 [physics.gen-ph], 2 Dec 2008)

Solar Folklore (Stanford Solar Center)

Solas Atlantis Home Page (Martin Byrne)

The Sophia Centre for the Study of Cosmology in Culture (University of Wales, Lampeter)

The Sophia Project (UK)

Southern Stars Aboriginal Astronomy (ThinkQuest)

Space: An Interactive History of Space Exploration and Astronomy
(Arthur C. Clarke Foundation)

SpiraSolaris.ca (John N. Harris, West Vancouver, BC)

Starlore (Paul Curnow)

Star Myths and Constellation Lore (ed. David Fideler)

Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Richard Hinckley Allen, 1899; transcribed by Bill Thayer, University of Chicago)

Star of Bethlehem (Griffith Observatory)

The Star of Bethlehem: An Astronomical and Historical Perspective
(Susan S. Carrol)

Star of Bethlehem Bibliography (Robert Harry van Gent)

The Star of Bethlehem: A Comet in 5 BC and the Date of Christ's Birth
(Colin Humphrey, 1991)

The Starry Messenger (Ulf Carlberg et al., NRM, Sweden)

Starry Messenger Project (Brenda Dyck, Calgary)

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking Fan Site

The Stephen Hawking Page (Nick Donaldson)

Stephen Hawking's Universe - Home (PBS Online)

Stirring Astronomy into Theology: Sir Isaac Newton on the Date of the Passion of Christ (Ari Belenkiy, arXiv:0810.4358v1 [physics.hist-ph], 23 Oct 2008)

Stonehenge....The Truth? (Christiaan Stoudt)

The Story Behind the Discovery of "The Cygnus Bubble" PN G 75.5+1.7 (Dave Jurasevich, 18 Jul 2009)

A Study of Babylonian Goal-Year Planetary Astronomy (Jennifer M. K. Gray, PhD Thesis, University of Durham, 2009) PDF

Sun's properties not 'fine-tuned' for life (Hazel Muir, New Scientist, 22 May 2008)

[B2FH] Synthesis of the Elements in Stars (E. Margaret Burbidge et al., Reviews of Modern Physics 29(4):547-650, Oct 1957) PDF

Tau, Time and the Universe (Richard T. W. Arthur et al.)

Teaching of Evolution (AAS Press Release, American Astronomical Society, 20 Sep 2005)

Teaching of Evolution and Cosmology, AAPT Statement on
(American Association of Physics Teachers, 24 Apr 2005)

Teilhard and the Texture of the Evolutionary Cosmos
(Kathleen Duffy, Metanexus Cosmos, 13 Oct 2005)

The Telescope: 400 Years and Counting (Michio Kaku, Wired, 2 Oct 2008)

The Ten Big Questions: Big Bang Theory (Geoffrey Klempner)

10 Telescopes That Changed Our View of the Universe (Saswato R. Das, Scientific American Slideshows, 14 Jul 2009)

Ten Years of Chandra (Chandra X-ray Observatory Center)

Theory of Everything Mailing List (Wei Dai)

This Day in Astro History Calendar (Catherin Gregory)

Time, with Michio Kaku (BBC Four, 26 Feb-21 Mar 2006)

Today in Astronomy (Lunar Mark, Emmaus, Pennsylvania)

Tom Levenson on Isaac Newton as the First Cosmologist (Guest Post, Cosmic Variance, 2 Jun 2008)

Top South African astronomer [Phil Charles] reinstated (Jon Cartwright, Physicsworld.com, 17 Mar 2010)

The Top 10 Intelligent Designs or Creation Myths (Tom X. Chao & Anthony Duignan-Cabrera, LiveScience, Dec 2004)

The Towneley Time Trials

Traditions of the Sun (Chaco Culture National Historical Park)

The Transits of Venus (Jürgen Giesen)

Transits of Venus (Oxford University)

Trial of Galileo Galilei, 1633 (Douglas Linder, Famous Trials)

Triangles in the Sky: Trigonometry and Early Theories of Planetary Motion (Sandra M. Caravella, Loci: Convergence, MathDL)

2008 The Nature of Time Winning Essays (FQXi Community)

Tycho Brahe (Tycho Brahes Glada Vänner)

Understanding the Universe - Stargazers (DiscoverySchool.com)

The Uniqueness of the World (Luis J. Boya, physics/0512263, 29 Dec 2005)

The Universe Around Us: An Integrative View of Science and Cosmology (George Ellis, University of Cape Town)

Universe or Multiverse? (John Templeton Foundation)

Unusual Features of Our Place In the Universe That Have Obvious Anthropic Explanations (Sean Carroll, Cosmic Variance, 7 Aug 2007)

The Ups and Downs of the Hubble Constant (G. A. Tammann, astro-ph/0512584, 23 Dec 2005)

Urania - Indice

Urania (U.S. Naval Observatory Library Catalog)

The unique universe (Lee Smolin, Physics World, 2 Jun 2009)

Visible Stars as Apparent Observational Evidence in Favor of the Copernican Principle in the Early 17th Century (Christopher M. Graney, arXiv:0901.2656v1 [physics.hist-ph], 17 Jan 2009)

Visions of the Universe: Four Centuries of Discovery (STScI Amazing Space)

Was Tycho Brahe Murdered by a Contract Killer? (Matthias Schulz, Rotten in the State of Denmark, Spiegel Online, Der Spiegel, 16 Jan 2009)

Why do we Still Believe in Newton's Law ? Facts, Myths and Methods in Gravitational Physics (Alexander Unzicker, gr-qc/0702009, 1 Feb 2007)

Why Is There Something Rather Than Nothing? (Sean Carroll, Cosmic Variance, 30 Aug 2007)

Why This Universe? Toward a Taxonomy of Possible Explanations (Robert Lawrence Kuhn, Skeptic 13:2, Jun 2007) PDF

Why we must save our astronomical heritage (Clive Ruggles, New Scientist 2691, 16 Jan 2009)

The Woman Astronomer (ed. Debra L. Davis)

Women in Astronomy (Geoffrey Marcy & Lynda Williams, CSWA)

Women in Astronomy: A Bibliography (Jean Louis Trudel et al.)

Working Group for the History of Astronomy (Astronomisches Gesellschaft)

The World's Largest Telescope (Sean McGibbon)

World Systems (Wolfgang R. Dick, Astronomiae Historia)

World Treasures of the Library of Congress: Beginnings
(Martha Hopkins et al.)

Yahoo! - Astronomy:History

The Zodiacs: Maps of Heaven and History (Richard D. Flavin)

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